As part of the walkthroughs, the principal takes notes to use in informal discussions with each observed teacher. Which of the following approaches, if used by the principal during these informal discussions, is likely to be most effective in improving instruction?

• A. Describing how the teaching behaviors that the principal observed reflect research-based best instructional practices
• B. Criticizing the teacher for weaknesses
• C. Focusing on student grades
• D. Discussing school policies

Answer: (A)

Connecting what you observe in a lesson to proven instructional strategies makes informal feedback most effective. When the principal describes how a teacher’s behaviors align with research-based practices, the discussion becomes a concrete, actionable coaching conversation. This approach gives teachers a clear view of what to try next, grounded in evidence about what tends to improve student learning. It also builds trust and collaboration, since the feedback is framed around improving instruction rather than assigning blame. For example, noting that a sequence of purposeful questions, wait time, and checks for understanding mirrors effective formative assessment practices helps the teacher see specific steps to implement.

By focusing on how observed practices map to established methods, the conversation stays centered on teaching and learning and provides a shared framework you can revisit in future observations. In contrast, criticizing weaknesses can derail trust, focusing on student grades shifts attention away from instructional methods, and discussing school policies doesn’t directly address how to improve teaching in the classroom.